{"id":1859,"date":"2023-11-06T20:45:16","date_gmt":"2023-11-06T19:45:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/deepening-diagnostic-concepts\/"},"modified":"2024-04-08T12:40:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-08T10:40:08","slug":"deepening-diagnostic-concepts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/deepening-diagnostic-concepts\/","title":{"rendered":"Deepening: Diagnostic &amp; Therapeutic Concepts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-2c6aqg-98be8def5cd12b57a273e0786a1fca83\">\n.avia-image-container.av-2c6aqg-98be8def5cd12b57a273e0786a1fca83 img.avia_image{\nbox-shadow:none;\n}\n.avia-image-container.av-2c6aqg-98be8def5cd12b57a273e0786a1fca83 .av-image-caption-overlay-center{\ncolor:#ffffff;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='avia-image-container av-2c6aqg-98be8def5cd12b57a273e0786a1fca83 av-styling- av-img-linked avia-align-center  avia-builder-el-0  el_before_av_heading  avia-builder-el-first '   itemprop=\"image\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\" ><div class=\"avia-image-container-inner\"><div class=\"avia-image-overlay-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/?page_id=1585&amp;preview=true\" class='avia_image '  aria-label='Verdiepen - gevorderden hub'><img fetchpriority=\"high\" class='wp-image-1815 avia-img-lazy-loading-not-1815 avia_image ' src='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub.png' alt='' title='Verdiepen - gevorderden hub'  height=\"200\" width=\"1920\"  itemprop=\"thumbnailUrl\"  \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lq0ww7m0-e98bba80f82641df83b07deffe2c7dcd\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lq0ww7m0-e98bba80f82641df83b07deffe2c7dcd{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lq0ww7m0-e98bba80f82641df83b07deffe2c7dcd .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lq0ww7m0-e98bba80f82641df83b07deffe2c7dcd .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lq0ww7m0-e98bba80f82641df83b07deffe2c7dcd av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-1  el_after_av_image  el_before_av_textblock '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Diagnostic <span class='special_amp'>&amp;<\/span> Therapeutic Concepts<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lq0wwgcg-670f2e9e96e22d2dbafac4b161456dff '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>Qualitative methods allow a bottom-up research approach that can uncover new meanings of concepts in clinical practice. Especially when we want to understand a phenomenon from clinical practice in depth, or try to record a new concept, qualitative research lends itself extremely well. On this page, we share our knowledge about researching diagnostic and therapeutic concepts, and provide reading tips on inspiring examples that show what qualitative research can bring to practice.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><!-- close content main div --><\/div><\/div><div id='av-tab-section-1'  class='av-tab-section-container entry-content-wrapper main_color av-tab-no-transition av-tab-content-auto  av-tab-above-content  avia-builder-el-3  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_heading  tab-section-not-first container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='av-tab-section-outer-container av-f2251c-43296bd615908cadf2717dd857af5d03'><div class='av-tab-section-tab-title-container avia-tab-title-padding-default' role='tablist'><a href='#diagnostic-concepts' data-av-tab-section-title='1' class='av-section-tab-title av-active-tab-title no-scroll av-ec0fbk-2b85053cb70d4123fb0c442f5c4f07e8 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-1'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Diagnostic concepts<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><a href='#therapeutic-concepts' data-av-tab-section-title='2' class='av-section-tab-title  av-141v6o-a5dabe1259be6c6fd49fbb932c418715 av-tab-no-icon av-tab-no-image ' role='tab' tabindex='0' aria-controls='av-tab-section-1-2'><span class='av-outer-tab-title'><span class='av-inner-tab-title'>Therapeutic concepts<\/span><\/span><span class=\"av-tab-arrow-container\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='avia-slideshow-arrows av-tabsection-arrow' ><a href='#prev' class='prev-slide av_prev_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='left-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Previous\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-1' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-1' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-1'>Previous<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-1'>Previous<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M14.464 27.84q0.832 0.832 0 1.536-0.832 0.832-1.536 0l-12.544-12.608q-0.768-0.768 0-1.6l12.544-12.608q0.704-0.832 1.536 0 0.832 0.704 0 1.536l-11.456 11.904z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Previous<\/span><\/a><a href='#next' class='next-slide av_next_tab_section av-tab-section-slide avia-svg-icon avia-font-svg_entypo-fontello' data-av_svg_icon='right-open-big' data-av_iconset='svg_entypo-fontello' tabindex='-1' title=\"Next\"><svg version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"15\" height=\"32\" viewBox=\"0 0 15 32\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" aria-labelledby='av-svg-title-2' aria-describedby='av-svg-desc-2' role=\"graphics-symbol\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<title id='av-svg-title-2'>Next<\/title>\n<desc id='av-svg-desc-2'>Next<\/desc>\n<path d=\"M0.416 27.84l11.456-11.84-11.456-11.904q-0.832-0.832 0-1.536 0.832-0.832 1.536 0l12.544 12.608q0.768 0.832 0 1.6l-12.544 12.608q-0.704 0.832-1.536 0-0.832-0.704 0-1.536z\"><\/path>\n<\/svg><span class='avia_hidden_link_text'>Next<\/span><\/a><\/div><div class='av-tab-section-inner-container avia-section-default' style='width:200vw; left:0%;'><span class=\"av_prev_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span><span class=\"av_next_tab_section av_tab_navigation\"><\/span>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-ec0fbk-2b85053cb70d4123fb0c442f5c4f07e8\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-ec0fbk-2b85053cb70d4123fb0c442f5c4f07e8{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-1' class='av-layout-tab av-ec0fbk-2b85053cb70d4123fb0c442f5c4f07e8 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-4  el_before_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-first  av-active-tab-content __av_init_open ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"1\" data-tab-section-id=\"diagnostic-concepts\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lq0wvieb-977152bb31768a47b227a5d4c66dc019\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lq0wvieb-977152bb31768a47b227a5d4c66dc019{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lq0wvieb-977152bb31768a47b227a5d4c66dc019 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lq0wvieb-977152bb31768a47b227a5d4c66dc019 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lq0wvieb-977152bb31768a47b227a5d4c66dc019 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-5  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Dissecting and reviewing diagnostic concepts<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-19a9lc-b6655e626050f90f8a7f85ace147c739 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><em>What are diagnostic concepts?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The term diagnosis refers to a concept derived from Greek and can be understood as a thorough (slide) knowledge (gnosis) of one&#8217;s (in this case) psyche. Thus, the word diagnosis refers to a precise conception of a psychological problem on an ideographic level. If we stick to the original meaning of the word diagnosis, we immediately see a confusion because the <em>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual<\/em> (DSM) is a taxonomy, and taxonomies, by definition, are groupings based on agreed-upon characteristics. Taxonomies are very useful for research and administrative purposes, but one might question whether we should use them for our clinical care. The word &#8220;descriptive diagnosis&#8221; seems created to close this confusion in language and understanding. It often encompasses more nuance and complexity and includes, for example, development and attachment, personality, somatics, context and system, substance (drug) use and finally a person&#8217;s symptoms. However, it is not the descriptive diagnosis but the DSM that determines a patient&#8217;s treatment choice in current standards of care. As a healthcare professional, you are expected to act according to these standards or deviate from them in a very reasoned way. Thus, our diagnostic concepts are very decisive for the design of mental health care.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Why do we need to dissect and review them?  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Even though the DSM is currently still the most dominant way to understand psychological suffering, there is currently a countermovement going on. Our understanding of mental suffering is shifting due to increasing criticism from academics, thinkers and those with experiential knowledge that is getting louder with each new edition of the DSM.  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/259314476_The_Role_of_the_DSM-5_Personality_Trait_Model_in_Moving_Toward_a_Quantitative_and_Empirically_Based_Approach_to_Classifying_Personality_and_Psychopathology\">Kueger, Hopwood, Wright and Markon (2014)<\/a> conclude that the DSM is &#8220;fundamentally broken&#8221; after reviewing more than 30 years of critical literature (p. 246). Just before that, the director (Thomas Insel) of the National Institute of Mental Health <a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/intl\/blog\/side-effects\/201305\/the-nimh-withdraws-support-dsm-5\">declared<\/a> in 2013 that the institute was no longer funding research based on DSM categories. Many authors noted problems related to the limited validity, reliability, loss of information and diagnostic instability of the DSM. Criticism of the categorical system of mental disorders consists of many different arguments, but the most fundamental criticism is the fact that the DSM system is based on a priori categories and lacks a solid empirical basis<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/230623381_Why_Has_It_Taken_So_Long_for_Biological_Psychiatry_to_Develop_Clinical_Tests_and_What_to_Do_about_It\">(Kapur, Phillips &amp; Insel, 2012<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/record\/2012-25646-003\">Skodol, 2012<\/a>). In summary, great practical and fundamental things go hand in hand with the DSM.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Why a qualitative approach?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The question of alternatives to the DSM can be approached in several ways. For example, you can think about literature reviews, conducting questionnaires among experts, or you can think about qualitative research. Qualitative research can challenge conventional ideas, inspire new theorizing and also stimulate change<a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/270826833_The_Promises_of_Qualitative_Inquiry\">(Gergen, Josselson, Freeman, 2015<\/a>). If you are asking a relatively new question, you need an approach that allows for open, in-depth and broad research. When asking a relatively complex question, it can help to capture the complexity of the issue better than other research methods, such as questionnaires where both the question and the answer options are already defined. In other words; a qualitative method allows for a bottom-up research approach from which new meanings and concepts can emerge. Especially when we want to understand a phenomenon in depth, or try to record a new concept, qualitative research lends itself extremely well. So when we think about alternatives to the DSM, qualitative research can come in very handy!<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>How does dissecting and revising diagnostic concepts through qualitative research work?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When you want to uncover meanings of diagnostic concepts, you can do interviews. Based on your question\/topic, create sub-questions\/sub-topics and based on that you will create your interview. You can be guided by theory in doing this, although too much theory can actually take away originality and cloud the unbiased view you need. So this is balancing. Once you finish your interview, it may make sense to conduct a few interviews to see if you want to make any adjustments to your interview. You want your interview to find out something about how the person you are interviewing sees, understands, experiences or feels something. In doing so, you need an open, curious mind and the other person needs an open space to put their experiences into words and language. This is a precarious process with many similarities to the psychotherapeutic process. When you have conducted enough interviews to satisfactorily answer your question, stop the data collection phase. You start delving into the data and trying to become familiar with it. You can do this by writing vignettes or drawing up mind maps of each interview. The first patterns then usually begin to emerge in your mind. Next, you start coding. For this, you can use programs that can support you in this, such as Atlas-ti and Maxqda. This is a process of identification of themes, revision of themes, refinement of themes and finally a definition of themes where you also start giving names to themes and thus are also creating. Have your research team read and check into this. You ultimately want as &#8220;representative a representation&#8221; of the data as possible even in qualitative research. You can present the results in language, tables or figures. It is advisable to explain your main findings well and to preserve and accommodate the richness of your research in the presentation of your results.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Points of interest<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Be aware that much current research is constructed and formulated from the DSM; 90% of RCTs use a DSM definition of mental suffering. Keep this in mind when coming up with your question and research design.<\/li>\n<li>Realize that as an interviewer you also bring baggage and make interpretations. You have to think not only about your educational baggage, but also your social and emotional baggage. Your gender, social class, age, status, ethnicity, values, beliefs and personal history play a role in how you listen and what you value and make important. Elicit your key values or views in light of your research.<\/li>\n<li>Make sure you have a clear roadmap when doing qualitative research (see, for example, Braun &amp; Clarke, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/235356393_Using_thematic_analysis_in_psychology\">2006<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/343617102_One_size_fits_all_What_counts_as_quality_practice_in_reflexive_thematic_analysis\">2020)<\/a> and a good program that can support you in coding.<\/li>\n<li>Delve into proper attitudes &amp; techniques to interview well; being able to interview well is akin to good psychotherapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-o759y8-0653ee5befc74f112f8346d82f656b22 hr-default  avia-builder-el-7  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='flex_column av-m104sw-d1e2cc800c34a01daf6c92b95f9525a1 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-8  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-18hjn4-09e472cabf00db929fc287fcdb6615c1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-18hjn4-09e472cabf00db929fc287fcdb6615c1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-18hjn4-09e472cabf00db929fc287fcdb6615c1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-18hjn4-09e472cabf00db929fc287fcdb6615c1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-18hjn4-09e472cabf00db929fc287fcdb6615c1 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-9  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Must-Read<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lq3iby4v-3eb15937c6f81b0e704ed2d43976d9a5 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01779.x?journalCode=pssa\">Ahn, W. K., Flanagan, E. H., Marsh, J. K., &amp; Sanislow, C. A. (2006). Beliefs about essences and the reality of mental disorders. Psychological Science, 17(9), 759-766.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/6124074_The_Diagnosis_of_Mental_Disorders_The_Problem_of_Reification\">Hyman, S.E. (2010). The diagnosis of mental disorders: The problem of reification. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 155-179.<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/342517009_The_Relationalist_Turn_in_Understanding_Mental_Disorders_From_Essentialism_to_Embracing_Dynamic_and_Complex_Relations\">K\u00f6hne, A.C.J. (2020). The Relationalist Turn in understanding mental disorders: from essentialism to understanding dynamic and complex relations. Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology, 27 (2), 119-140.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-kza3ww-5dba9a723b71031d86ca6d97a5c53b93 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-11  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-9svnkg-9ead3b6a11da5966813ce08c504c7e33\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-9svnkg-9ead3b6a11da5966813ce08c504c7e33{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-9svnkg-9ead3b6a11da5966813ce08c504c7e33 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-9svnkg-9ead3b6a11da5966813ce08c504c7e33 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-9svnkg-9ead3b6a11da5966813ce08c504c7e33 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-12  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Good Practice<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lq3icr7s-735bcafc6e25bc94b2bc7de566fca1d0 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/lanpsy\/article\/PIIS2215-0366(20)30191-7\/fulltext\">Chevance, A., Ravaud, P., Tomlinson, A., Le Berre, C., Teufer, B., Touboul, S., &#8230; &amp; Tran, V. T. (2020). Identifying outcomes for depression that matter to patients, informal caregivers, and health-care professionals: qualitative content analysis of a large international online survey. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(8), 692-702.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-iv9wts-bd561b1a343b9fc3d40beb2957f0731f av_one_third  avia-builder-el-14  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6aom6o-a6a120e70e721f1be2348c1d4a95d698\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-6aom6o-a6a120e70e721f1be2348c1d4a95d698{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-6aom6o-a6a120e70e721f1be2348c1d4a95d698 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-6aom6o-a6a120e70e721f1be2348c1d4a95d698 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-6aom6o-a6a120e70e721f1be2348c1d4a95d698 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-15  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Fine Examples<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-4wxmvk-5c35a5def9b1045afca64cfba3281965 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.evelientonkens.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Sluipend_kwaliteitsverlies_in_de_geestelijke_gezondheidszorg.pdf\">In this study,<\/a> Nienke delved into how clinicians navigate opposing values within a DSM-driven system.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1081925\/full\">In this study,<\/a> Annemarie delved into what clinicians and people with experiential knowledge think psychological suffering is.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='hr av-houzow-b323d6409ceec222105c45c19fe46489 hr-default  avia-builder-el-17  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lq0wysm0-4921c2ec7f60e9d285236c9469721460 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: right;\">KOG Members with expertise in Diagnostic Concepts:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/kog-annemarie\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-579 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne-300x300.png\" alt=\"Profile page of Annemarie K\u00f6hne\" width=\"123\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Annemarie-Kohne.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 123px) 100vw, 123px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-141v6o-a5dabe1259be6c6fd49fbb932c418715\">\n.av-layout-tab.av-141v6o-a5dabe1259be6c6fd49fbb932c418715{\nvertical-align:top;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div id='av-tab-section-1-2' class='av-layout-tab av-141v6o-a5dabe1259be6c6fd49fbb932c418715 av-animation-delay-container  avia-builder-el-19  el_after_av_tab_sub_section  avia-builder-el-last  ' data-av-deeplink-tabs=\"\" data-av-tab-section-content=\"2\" data-tab-section-id=\"therapeutic-concepts\"><div class=\"av-layout-tab-inner\"><div class=\"container\"><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lq0wvuio-1b998420d7c1d5fdb0bcdb1a043e6d67\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lq0wvuio-1b998420d7c1d5fdb0bcdb1a043e6d67{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lq0wvuio-1b998420d7c1d5fdb0bcdb1a043e6d67 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lq0wvuio-1b998420d7c1d5fdb0bcdb1a043e6d67 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lq0wvuio-1b998420d7c1d5fdb0bcdb1a043e6d67 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-20  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Therapeutic concepts: expert-based studies  <\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-9q0cfk-cd34a0262dca47a926ba53f2def28910 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><strong><em>What is it?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Interviewing experts is a method of gaining insight into thought processes in a complex profession such as that of psychotherapist. Such a study attempts to interview a diverse group with varied expertise. In the interview, an expert is given space to explain their personal views and experiences in using specific therapeutic concepts. Thus, insight is gained into the diversity with which clinical action is informed by theoretical concepts.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Why apply?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The entry threshold for expert interview studies is relatively low and this makes them very suitable for beginners in qualitative research. Through such research, you slowly become familiar with many different aspects of what qualitative research entails. The expert study is also well suited to arrive at new questions and follow-up studies.<\/p>\n<p>The history of psychotherapy includes very many schools of therapy, and in each of these schools a large number of &#8211; often overlapping &#8211; concepts have been developed, such as diagnoses, transference, coping, self, object relationship, predisposition, stress, and so on. The vast majority of the literature addresses theoretically or through research how to define these concepts and how they <em>should<\/em> be used. For example, the introduction to the DSM-5 makes it explicit that the classifications are descriptive and not explanatory. Another example is that in the psychoanalytic tradition much emphasis is traditionally placed on the libidinal wish fulfillment at play in transference.<\/p>\n<p>There is relatively little research that more descriptively attempts to find out how concepts <em>are actually used<\/em> in pragmatically oriented practice. Where such research is conducted there often appears to be (1) great variety among different therapists in this use, and (2) significant differences between how theory and research approach the concepts and how they are practically applied. Then it turns out, for example, that different therapists deal with the status of DSM classifications and their explanatory potentials in very different ways, citing specific pragmatic reasons for doing so, such as &#8220;exculpation,&#8221; aiding in narrative construction, and so on. The concept of transference then also appears to be used very diversely &#8211; sometimes from a schema theory approach, sometimes from co-regulation theory, sometimes traditionally libidinal. Transference also proves relevant far beyond the psychoanalytic tradition. This variety and differences are important for understanding and further developing the historically evolved relationships between theory, practice within and between the various schools of therapy.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>How does it work?<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>It starts with choosing one concept that is sufficiently rich, clinically relevant and of interest to the researcher (e.g., &#8220;countertransference&#8221;). A research question should be formulated around such a concept (e.g., &#8220;How is the concept of countertransference used in the practice of different psychotherapists?&#8221;). It is important to reflect at this time and throughout the research on the researcher&#8217;s position and certain of one&#8217;s own presuppositions, specific desires and expectations regarding the research. Next, sampling and interview questions should be considered. Both are designed with an eye toward maximizing a diversity of responses with sufficient expertise. In data analysis, thematic analysis is usually a useful starting point, supplemented by other methods if necessary. Often a conceptual map structure or mind map emerges, highlighting both overlapping content (that which all experts emphasize) and diversity (subthemes that are covered by some and not others). These mind maps can then be juxtaposed with a review of the existing literature surrounding the concept to see how theory and practice overlap and differ.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Points of interest<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is very important to choose a research question that can really be answered based on expert interviews. Thus, such a research question will always relate to how a small group of selected experts see\/use\/handle a concept in various ways and <strong><br \/>\n  <em>not<\/em><br \/>\n<\/strong> on (1) what is the b\u0435st way, (2) what is the essence of a concept, or (3) how therapists do something in general, on average, etc.<\/li>\n<li>It is recommended that you write down your own understanding of the concept at length before interviewing. This helps to see your own subjectivity and viewpoint perspective and pay attention to this in interviewing and analysis. Moreover, you can then later explore how the interviews changed and enriched your understanding.<\/li>\n<li>How much literature you already study before and after the interviews can vary greatly and affect the study. The danger of not reading much is that you can&#8217;t question well. The danger of reading a lot is that it is more difficult to listen openly to what the experts are saying because you have a lot of theory in your head. This is something to think carefully about.<\/li>\n<li>Those with little experience with this type of research would do well to conduct and analyze one or a few pilot interviews fairly quickly, rather than doing very extensive preparation. After those interviews, ask yourself if they seem to be moving toward an adequate answer to your question. That way, you&#8217;ll know better what to expect and how to prepare properly for the rest of your studies. This is particularly important for those used to quantitative research because it works so differently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/section><br \/>\n<div  class='hr av-1m032o-9743aa69c2270f5ef8291f6a41b53e96 hr-default  avia-builder-el-22  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_one_third '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<div  class='flex_column av-deav1s-093145e4b9a9024bc0d1840d486d6154 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-23  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_one_third  first flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lq44zmtd-49deb793e06a6875e71e9180345de629\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lq44zmtd-49deb793e06a6875e71e9180345de629{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lq44zmtd-49deb793e06a6875e71e9180345de629 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lq44zmtd-49deb793e06a6875e71e9180345de629 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lq44zmtd-49deb793e06a6875e71e9180345de629 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-24  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Must Read<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-18xu28-a8072d7e5bb52f079264844f06c5b76b '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>&#8230; <em>this page is being built<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-aoxf28-7f0eb77efbc26044b681363f8d428b5c av_one_third  avia-builder-el-26  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_one_third  flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lq44zwfk-23d5f35d8d1cca30c14e85a50f9aa6a0\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lq44zwfk-23d5f35d8d1cca30c14e85a50f9aa6a0{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lq44zwfk-23d5f35d8d1cca30c14e85a50f9aa6a0 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lq44zwfk-23d5f35d8d1cca30c14e85a50f9aa6a0 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lq44zwfk-23d5f35d8d1cca30c14e85a50f9aa6a0 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-27  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Best Practice<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-8yy6zk-bf2a6a0757b0bb590951740663c0371f '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>&#8230; <em>this page is being built<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='flex_column av-75lfww-dad6068b3cabd1a10795cb37e8293192 av_one_third  avia-builder-el-29  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_hr  flex_column_div  '     ><p>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-lq45075n-ffb5aa6c7f7f0eed7edf914b2e145ba9\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-lq45075n-ffb5aa6c7f7f0eed7edf914b2e145ba9{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-lq45075n-ffb5aa6c7f7f0eed7edf914b2e145ba9 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-lq45075n-ffb5aa6c7f7f0eed7edf914b2e145ba9 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-lq45075n-ffb5aa6c7f7f0eed7edf914b2e145ba9 av-special-heading-h3  avia-builder-el-30  el_before_av_textblock  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  >Fine Examples<\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-5f4n4g-a6ad931ef988a63209deeef6752e50e3 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p>&#8230; <em>this page is being built<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p><\/div><div  class='hr av-3mar28-018fec35b80927ec529443445f28f752 hr-default  avia-builder-el-32  el_after_av_one_third  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div><br \/>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-lq451ud0-f42fde410f86dc09b9b500789e863763 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: right;\">KOG Members with expertise in Therapeutic Concepts:<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/kog-arjen\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-708\" src=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof-300x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"123\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof-80x80.png 80w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof-36x36.png 36w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof-180x180.png 180w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof-705x705.png 705w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Profielpagina-van-Arjen-Noordhof.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 123px) 100vw, 123px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id='after_tab_section_1'  class='main_color av_default_container_wrap container_wrap fullsize'  ><div class='container av-section-cont-open' ><div class='template-page content  av-content-full alpha units'><div class='post-entry post-entry-type-page post-entry-1859'><div class='entry-content-wrapper clearfix'>\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-loe9efhk-e1f407c96472266e843e0bdaa220c9b1\">\n#top .av-special-heading.av-loe9efhk-e1f407c96472266e843e0bdaa220c9b1{\npadding-bottom:10px;\n}\nbody .av-special-heading.av-loe9efhk-e1f407c96472266e843e0bdaa220c9b1 .av-special-heading-tag .heading-char{\nfont-size:25px;\n}\n.av-special-heading.av-loe9efhk-e1f407c96472266e843e0bdaa220c9b1 .av-subheading{\nfont-size:15px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<div  class='av-special-heading av-loe9efhk-e1f407c96472266e843e0bdaa220c9b1 av-special-heading-h3 blockquote elegant-quote elegant-centered  avia-builder-el-34  el_after_av_tab_section  el_before_av_hr  avia-builder-el-first '><h3 class='av-special-heading-tag '  itemprop=\"headline\"  ><span class=\"heading-wrap\">Learning, Practice and Collaboration<\/span><\/h3><div class=\"special-heading-border\"><div class=\"special-heading-inner-border\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<div  class='hr av-5mhrs8-f2db1188a63e2a1d434dce70fb9444c8 hr-default  avia-builder-el-35  el_after_av_heading  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-loebts91-e72910265bc5a00f21e6b53a140b2003 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Through the Members page, you can access tutorials and participate in practice and data sessions with KOG members<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Click here to read more about membership:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-3mpyt4-0268768dd47e4c7052252fdabd2a9fa6 hr-default  avia-builder-el-37  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_button '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='avia-button-wrap av-loe9gyek-7c5f94cfcf5bd589e354d56544be3af0-wrap avia-button-center  avia-builder-el-38  el_after_av_hr  el_before_av_hr '><a href='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/members\/'  class='avia-button av-loe9gyek-7c5f94cfcf5bd589e354d56544be3af0 av-link-btn avia-icon_select-no avia-size-small avia-position-center avia-color-theme-color'  target=\"_blank\"  rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"  aria-label=\"Becoming a member of the KOG\"><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Becoming a member of the KOG<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-34ho9k-7b71f37ae7a4240d750ec46223151d99 hr-default  avia-builder-el-39  el_after_av_button  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-loebucvr-56b6dcd4eb8975924f3d1caf86a0d363 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Connection or learn more? Contact us directly <a href=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/contact\/\">here<\/a> or sign up for the <a href=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/subscribe\/\">newsletter<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='hr av-mxcm3k-726ca8cdab4968353723760b47da5b3a hr-default  avia-builder-el-41  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_textblock '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-l24cgw-a952d10475f2deb542de78e89be55164 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-747 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub-300x31.png\" alt=\"Deepening - advanced hub\" width=\"300\" height=\"31\" srcset=\"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub-300x31.png 300w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub-1030x107.png 1030w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub-768x80.png 768w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub-1536x160.png 1536w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub-1500x156.png 1500w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub-705x73.png 705w, https:\/\/koggz.nl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Verdiepen-gevorderden-hub.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<section  class='av_textblock_section av-ig7uxs-ec3eeab17ae6eea79ea68918e22e2282 '   itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/CreativeWork\" ><div class='avia_textblock'  itemprop=\"text\" ><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Click on a tile to delve deeper into the next theme:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/section>\n<div  class='avia-buttonrow-wrap av-i5mk34-56db53c34ae94c8cc04581b6cfe136a8 avia-buttonrow-center  avia-builder-el-44  el_after_av_textblock  el_before_av_hr '>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-fyjz8g-582321df6b353486c04f10367a97a27a\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-fyjz8g-582321df6b353486c04f10367a97a27a{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href=''  class='avia-button av-fyjz8g-582321df6b353486c04f10367a97a27a avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Design How To &amp; Pitfalls\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue843' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Design How To &amp; Pitfalls<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-dh78rk-4c7e901bfd9c9ae7ad2259b854ed2dad\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-dh78rk-4c7e901bfd9c9ae7ad2259b854ed2dad{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href=''  class='avia-button av-dh78rk-4c7e901bfd9c9ae7ad2259b854ed2dad avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Data Collection &amp; Creation\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue849' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Data Collection &amp; Creation<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-br4l8g-e601d40cfd95d6c0389b8526e4c368d5\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-br4l8g-e601d40cfd95d6c0389b8526e4c368d5{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href=''  class='avia-button av-br4l8g-e601d40cfd95d6c0389b8526e4c368d5 avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Analyzing &amp; Coding\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue804' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Analyzing &amp; Coding<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-b6224w-2750e0c47b39d91e4795c80ab153151d\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-b6224w-2750e0c47b39d91e4795c80ab153151d{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/?page_id=1703&amp;preview=true'  class='avia-button av-b6224w-2750e0c47b39d91e4795c80ab153151d avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Quality and Ethics\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue812' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Quality and Ethics<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-95413k-4067ecd019f749fdb668400c3b378b69\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-95413k-4067ecd019f749fdb668400c3b378b69{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/?page_id=1706&amp;preview=true'  class='avia-button av-95413k-4067ecd019f749fdb668400c3b378b69 avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Co-creation &amp; Participatory Research\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue80b' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Co-creation &amp; Participatory Research<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-6wafq8-e4e6b80bfc3de46aa0996630b904006f\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-6wafq8-e4e6b80bfc3de46aa0996630b904006f{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/?page_id=1708&amp;preview=true'  class='avia-button av-6wafq8-e4e6b80bfc3de46aa0996630b904006f avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Creative Methods\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue8a4' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Creative Methods<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-5svjhc-63e822db12ee216a4bb08e2b149d5ac4\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-5svjhc-63e822db12ee216a4bb08e2b149d5ac4{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/?page_id=1710&amp;preview=true'  class='avia-button av-5svjhc-63e822db12ee216a4bb08e2b149d5ac4 avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Theory &amp; Philosophy\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue837' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Theory &amp; Philosophy<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-3s7l3k-48952a51002d0592644dc6098a54bcd8\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-3s7l3k-48952a51002d0592644dc6098a54bcd8{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/?page_id=1712&amp;preview=true'  class='avia-button av-3s7l3k-48952a51002d0592644dc6098a54bcd8 avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Diagnostic Concepts\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue841' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Diagnostic Concepts<\/span><\/a>\n\n<style type=\"text\/css\" data-created_by=\"avia_inline_auto\" id=\"style-css-av-a7u28-7513013755fe09229b748080adfce095\">\n#top #wrap_all .avia-button.av-a7u28-7513013755fe09229b748080adfce095{\nmargin-bottom:5px;\nmargin-right:3px;\nmargin-left:3px;\n}\n<\/style>\n<a href='https:\/\/koggz.nl\/?page_id=1652&amp;preview=true'  class='avia-button av-a7u28-7513013755fe09229b748080adfce095 avia-icon_select-yes-left-icon avia-size-small avia-color-theme-color'   aria-label=\"Meaningful Measurement\"><span class='avia_button_icon avia_button_icon_left avia-iconfont avia-font-entypo-fontello' data-av_icon='\ue83c' data-av_iconfont='entypo-fontello' ><\/span><span class='avia_iconbox_title' >Meaningful Measurement<\/span><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-33plk0-fafb913dd6cf226ef8f37e17a940ef75 hr-default  avia-builder-el-45  el_after_av_buttonrow  el_before_av_hr '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<div  class='hr av-8lbkw-0bcebb22495d21e4be4ac11c9ed90103 hr-default  avia-builder-el-46  el_after_av_hr  avia-builder-el-last '><span class='hr-inner '><span class=\"hr-inner-style\"><\/span><\/span><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1859","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1859","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1859"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2702,"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1859\/revisions\/2702"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/koggz.nl\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}